"AMAZON PINK DOLPHIN": Amplifying Selva-Vida sin Fronteras' Institutional Voice
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Article published: 20/03/2024
March 20 (Reuters) - Scientists on Wednesday unveiled a 16 million-year-year-old fossil unearthed in the Napo River -Ecuador-Peru- ***of a river dolphin that once swam in the waters that are now the Amazon, and whose closest living relative is the South Asian river dolphin in India's Ganges River.
Aldo Benites-Palomino, the paleontologist who found the fossil in 2018, examining it, and an image of Pebanista yacuruna in Amazonia’s murky waters. Photograph: R Salas-Gismondi/J Bran
Fossil of giant river dolphin found in the Amazon River Basin, whose closest living relation is in South Asia, gives clues to future extinction threats
Scientists have discovered the fossilised skull of a giant river dolphin, from a species thought to have fled the ocean and sought refuge in Ecuador's and Peru’s Amazonian rivers 16m years ago. The extinct species would have measured up to 3.5 metres long, making it the largest river dolphin ever found.
The discovery of this new species, Pebanista yacuruna, named after a mythical group of aquatic people thought by some to have inhabited the Amazon several centuries ago, highlights the looming risks to the world’s remaining river dolphins, all of which face similar extinction threats in the next 20 to 40 years, according to the lead author of new research published in Science Advances today. Aldo Benites-Palomino said it belonged to the Platanistoidea family of dolphins commonly found in oceans between 24m and 16m years ago.
Surviving river dolphins were “the remnants of what were once greatly diverse marine dolphin groups”, he said, which were thought to have left the oceans to find new food sources in freshwater rivers.
“Rivers are the escape valve … for the ancient fossil we found, and it is the same for all river dolphins living today.”
Benites-Palomino discovered the fossil along Ecuador's and Peru's Napo River in 2018 when he was still an undergraduate. He is now working on a doctorate at the University of Zurich’s department of paleontology, and says the research paper was delayed by the pandemic.
He first spotted part of the fossil, a fragment of jaw, while walking with a colleague. “As soon as I recognised it, I saw the teeth sockets. I screamed, ‘this is a dolphin.’ We could not believe it.
“Then we realised it was not related to the Amazon river pink dolphin,” he said. “We [had] found an animal, a giant, whose closest living relative is 10,000km away in south-east Asia.”
Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra, director of Zurich University’s paleontology department, said the find was intriguing. “After two decades of work in South America, we had found several giant forms from the region, but this is the first dolphin of its kind,” he said.
The fossil, said Benites-Palomino, was remarkable both for its size and because it had no links to the river dolphins that now swim in the waters it once inhabited.
A shared problem facing river dolphins – including the fossil’s nearest living relatives, which swim in the Ganges and Indus rivers – is the imminent risk of extinction. Urban development, pollution and mining were the key causes, he said, and had already driven the Yangtze river dolphin to extinction.
Sources: The Guardian, Reuters & " Amazon Pink Dolphin" edited by Hummingbird.
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SELVA-Vida Sin Fronteras questions the morality of all international law that recognizes and legalizes territories acquired through invasion and by the force of arms. The Rio de Janeiro Protocol imposed upon Ecuador in 1941 led to the surrender of two-thirds of Ecuador's Amazonian territory: some 85,000 square miles of land. Ecuador also lost its direct outlet to the Amazon River. We mention this point because, from our historical understanding of events, the skull of giant Pebanista yacurna dolphin was discovered in what previously and legally was part of the Ecuadorian Amazon, as the map below would suggest; ref. Rio Napo.
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